История Фиесты
| 1973: |
| Project 'Bobcat' was born. Development started on the car that was to eventually become the Fiesta. |
| 1976: |
| Production started on the
Mk1 Ford Fiesta. Launching with 2 versions. A 950cc and a 1100cc version. |
| 1977: |
| A 1300cc version was added
to the lineup. The Fiesta was launched in the USA. |
| 1978: |
| Ford presented with the Design Council award for the Fiesta. |
| 1979: |
| The 1 Millionth Fiesta was
built. The First Fiesta to enter the Monte Carlo Rally. The car finished 10th. |
| 1980: |
| A 1300cc Supersport was
added to the lineup. This was to be the predecessor to the XR2. The Fiesta enjoyed it's largest production run of 450,927. |
| 1981: |
| Production of the
Supersport ceased. To be replaced by the 1600cc XR2. The 2 Millionth Fiesta was built. |
| 1982: |
| World wide, 327,568 Fiesta's were built this year and would have cost you upwards of £3,500 to own one of them brand new. |
| 1983: |
| The Fiesta is Dead. Long
Live the Fiesta. Launch of the Mk2 Fiesta. The Mk2 Fiesta is Launched. A face lifted Mk1, borrowing a lot of it's looks from the then popular Sierra. |
| 1984: |
| The XR2 was relaunched in
it's new Mk2 shape. The 3 Millionth Fiesta was built. |
| 1985: |
| The XR2 lost it's DFT carburettor, to have it replaced with the TLDM. Loosing around 4bhp in the process. Ford omitted to tell anyone though. |
| 1986: |
| The 1.3 CVH engine was replaced by the 1.4 CVH. Side repeater indicators were added and a number of other small changes were made to the range. |
| 1987: |
| The first automatic Fiesta's were made available. |
| 1988: |
| The optional sunroof became a standard fit item to all but the most basic Fiesta models. |
| 1989: |
| The Mk2 Fiesta's
production run ends. Making way for the Mk3. The Mk3 being a redesign rather than a face lift. |
Ford had noticed that people were growing increasing impressed with smaller cars which offered good handling, space and performance. The Fiesta was to be the first small front wheel drive car that Ford produced, and in 1973 the design team was giving the go ahead to start the new project called Bobcat.
The Mk1 Fiesta was to be launched in Autumn of 1976, as it happened the timing couldn't have been better as the first oil crisis was happening, and there was a boom in sale of small cars.
The name 'Bobcat' was a project name, because at this point they had not thought of a name. There were two possible names for the new car, Fiesta or Bravo. In the end Henry Ford decided. The name Bravo was latter used on Limited addition Fiestas.
Production began in July 1976 in Germany, and the launched date of the Fiesta was brought forward to September 1976, but Britain had to wait unit February 1977.
The Fiesta range was available in 957cc and 1117cc capacities, producing 40/47bhp and 53bhp respectively using the "Kent" engine. It was a year after the Fiestas launch in 1977 that the 1300cc engine became available, it used a twin-choke Weber carburettor from the 1300 Escort sport to produce 66bhp. Other changes to the car were made to cope with the bigger engine, it had a larger cooling system, brakes and suspension were modified and the exhaust system was changed
There were a number of special edition models produced during the production of
the Mk1.
| Special Edition | Год начала выпуска | Число выпущенных |
|---|---|---|
| Solitaire | 1978 | 2000 |
| Kingfisher | 1978 | 2500 |
| Millionth Edition | 1979 | 3100 |
| Sandpiper | 1979 | 4000 |
| Firefly (Base) | 1980 | 2000 |
| Supersport | 1980 | 3000 |
| Festival | 1980 | 4000 |
| Sandpiper | 1981 | 4000 |
| Bravo | 1981 | 3000 |
| Special Launch | 1981 | 2000 |
| Bravo II | 1982 | 4000 |
| Quartz | 1983 | 4000 |
The Mk1 XR2 was introduced in 1976. Fords Special Vehicle Engineering (SVE) team had finished there work on the Capri and were free to start another project, the XR2. The XR2 is given it's name because it was the second project to come out of ford's SVE plant in Dunton, Essex, the first was the 2.8i V6 Capri although it was never given the XR badge. The design brief was simple; no major chances to the chassis or transmission, 100 mph+ performance and to meet all existing emission controls.
The Kent 1599cc engine was used with a Webber 32/34 carburettor to produce 84bhp, this gave the XR2 a 0-60 time of 9.4 seconds and a top speed of 105mph. The car was treated to some "Pepper Pot" alloy wheels fitted with 185x60 tyres and modified suspension but no anti roll bar was added to the front. The 4 speed gear box was mounted slightly lower and used to same ratios as the XR3 but with a higher final drive, and the brakes were changed to vented disks. On the outside they added a body kit, graphics down the sides and changed the square headlights to round ones.
The XR2s launch price was £5,500 and found may buyers, and by the time the face-lifted version was introduced 1984, over 20,000 XR2s had been sold in the UK.
Production of the Mk1 ceased in August 1983.
The Mk2 Fiesta was produced from 1983 onwards, a face-lifted Mk1, sharing the same basic shape just a bit more rounded off. The Mk2 was given wrap around indicators, new headlights and new rear light clusters incorporating reversing light and changes in the law ment that the Mk2 had to be fitted with a fog light as standard.
The Mk2 had new bumpers, metal with plastic wrap around ends for the lower spec, and all plastic bumpers with over riders and inserts for the Ghia and XR2. Other alterations included larger mirrors, slightly lowered front end and there was a new design boot lid which carried the swage line from the side of the car. Seat belts in the rear were still an option until the law change and they had to be fitted as standard.
The company had the opportunity to discard the Kent ohv had replace it with the modern CVH (Compound Valve Hemi-head) engine, the base models had the Valencia engine which had been reworked, the later of the engines were up to 25% more economical. In 1986 the Lean Burn 1.4 litre engine replaced the 1.3 litre and the Fiesta was available with an CTX automatic gear box.
There were a number of special edition models produced during the production of the Mk2, some of which were given the same name.
| Special Edition | Год начала выпуска | Число выпущенных |
|---|---|---|
| Finesse | 1983 | 15500 |
| Dash | 1985 | 8600 |
| Finesse II | 1986 | 12000 |
| Holiday | 1986 | 4000 |
| Firefly (Ghia) | 1986 | 2000 |
| Bonus | 1987 | 5000 |
| Fresco | 1987 | 3000 |
| Festival II | 1988 | 15000 |
| Firefly (Ghia) | 1988 | 4400 |
| Bonus | 1988 | 7000 |
| Olympus | 1988 | 1009 |
The Mk2 XR2 appeared in June 1984 the design team (SVE) had been working on it since 1982. The new XR2 used the 1600 CVH engine from the xr3, but they were not allowed to used the 1600cc fuel injected engine because of fears that it may upstage the XR3i, which it did anyway. The old XR3 engine was tweaked and with a Webber carburettor produced and extra 12bhp over the previous model. Because of the extra weight the Mk2 was only 0.2 seconds faster to 60 than the MK1.
The XR2 was the second vehicle to roll out of Ford's Special Vehicle Engineering (SVE) plant at Dunton in Essex, hence the XR2 tag. Their first project was the 2.8i V6 Capri which although never given the XR tag was the mythical XR1. Their instructions for the design of the XR2 were simple; major changes to the transmission or chassis were not allowed but the car was to be capable of a top speed of 100mph+.
The XR2 used the 1600cc "Kent" engine already in use in the American Fiesta. The XR2 was given a 32/34 Weber DFT carburettor and a mildly up-rated 4 speed manual gearbox. The brakes benefited from ventilated discs at the front although the rear still used drums. The car was fitted with up-rated and slightly lower suspension and a rear anti-roll bar although surprisingly a front anti roll bar was never used. Also up-rated were the wheels and tyres. The wheels fitted were 13 x 6 and were the first generation of the "Pepper Pot" design, they were fitted with 185x60 tyres which helped to give the car more grip on the road. The appearance of the car was improved with the square headlights and indicators being replaced by round headlights and the indicators being mounted in the bumper. The front end of the car was also improved with the addition of spot lights and the bumper gaining a set of over-riders.
All this made for a very impressive looking car, which at just £5500 proved to be very popular with approximately 20,000 being sold in the UK by the time the Mk2 was introduced in 1984. But it wasn't just about looks, the engine kicked out 84bhp which could drive from 0 to 60 in just 9.5 seconds and then on to a top speed of 105mph!
The car was equipped with tauter suspension and a 5 speed gear box and a full body kit as standard (front and rear spoilers, side skirts and wheel arch extension). The car came with 6 inch wide steel wheels with wheel trim, "pepperpot" alloy wheels were optional extra at £140.59.
Sales figures show that 10 per cent of all MK2 Fiestas sold were XR2's
During the twelve year lift span of the Mk1 & Mk2, Ford had managed to sell over twelve million cars, 1.2 million of which were in the UK. This put on the pressure for the design test to come up with a MK3.
These are the production figures for the Mk1 and Mk2 Fiesta| Год | Выпущено всего (Germany, UK, Spain) |
|---|---|
| 1976 | 109,868 |
| 1978 | 440,969 |
| 1979 | 444,402 |
| 1980 | 450,927 |
| 1981 | 357,015 |
| 1982 | 327,568 |
| 1983 | 356,517 |
| 1984 | 365,248 |
| 1985 | 353,419 |
| 1986 | 362,753 |
| 1987 | 386,587 |
| 1988 | 407,292 |
Типичные комплектации Фиесты Mk1 (по заводской брошюре 1982 года):
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The Mk1 Fiesta Specification (ранние версии)
| Engine | OHV 950 Low compression | OHV 950 high compression | OHV 1100 | OHV 1300 | Kent 1600 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity cc | 957 | 957 | 1117 | 1298 | 1598 |
| Cylinders | 4 OHV | 4 OHV | 4 OHV | 4 OHV | 4 OHV |
| Compression Ratio | 8.3:1 | 9.0:1 | 9.0:1 | 9.2:1 | 9.0:1 |
| Carburettor | Single venturi | Single venturi | Single venturi | Twin venturi | Twin venturi |
| DIN PS at rpm | 40@5500 | 45@6000 | 53@5700 | 66@5600 | 84@5500 |
| DIN Torque MKP | 6.5 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 9.4 | 12.6 |
The Mk1 Fiesta Specification (поздние версии)
| Engine | 950 OHV | 1.1 OHV | 1.3 OHC(CVH) | 1.6 OHC (CVH) | 1.6 Diesel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity | 957 | 1117 | 1296 | 1597 | 1608 |
| Cylinders | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Compression Ratio | 8.5:1 | 9.5:1 | 9.5:1 | 9.5:1 | 21.5:1 |
| Fuel Induction | Single venturi | Single variable venturi | Single variable venturi | Single variable venturi | Indirect Mechanical |
| Choke | Manual | Manual | Manual | Automatic | Glow plug pre-warm with warning light |
| Ignition | Mechanical contact breaker | Mechanical contact breaker | Electronic | Electronic | Compression |
| Max. power DIN KW (PS) at rpm | 33(45)/5750 | 37(50)/5000 | 51(69)/6000 | 71(96)/6000 | 40(54)/4800 |
| Maximum Continuous revs | 5950 | 5800 | 6450 | 6300 | 4800 |
| Performance Ford test figures | |||||
| Manual 4 speed | |||||
| Max speed (mph) | 85 | 88 | - | - | - |
| 0-60 mph (sec) | 17.0 | 14.5 | - | - | - |
| Manual 5 speed | |||||
| Max speed (mph) | - | 90 | 101 | 112 | 92 |
| 0-60 mph (sec) | - | 14.2 | 10.8 | 8.7 | 15.0 |
| Transmission / Fuel Consumption All figures in mpg (L/100KM) are from officially approved tests under the Passenger Car Fuel Consumption Order 1983. All with manual transmission. All models use 4 star except the 950 (2 star) | |||||
| Manual 4 speed | |||||
| Constant driving speed 56 mph (90 Kmh) | 54.3(5.2) | 57.6(4.9) | - | - | - |
| Constant driving speed 75 mph (120 kmp) | 39.8(7.1) | 41.5(6.8) | - | - | - |
| Simulated urban driving | 40.4(7.0) | 45.6(6.2) | - | - | - |
| Manual 5 speed | |||||
| Constant driving speed 56 mph (90 Kmh) | - | 58.9(4.8) | 48.7(5.8) | 49.6(5.7) | 74.3(3.8) |
| Constant driving speed 75 mph (120 kmp) | - | 41.5(6.8) | 35.8(7.9) | 37.7(7.5) | 50.4(5.6) |
| Simulated urban driving | - | 44.1(6.4) | 33.2(8.5) | 31.0(9.1) | 56.5(5.0) |
| weights and Towing Limits (kg) | |||||
| Gross vehicle weight | 1200 | 1200 | 1225 | 1275 | 1275 |
| Maximum towing limit (2-up)- Manual | 540 | 540 4-speed 800 5-speed |
800 | 800 | 800 |
| Maximum towing limit (unbraked trailer) | 300 | 300 4-speed 400 5-speed |
400 | 450 | 450 |
| Max. roof rack load | 75 Kg | 75 kg | 75 kg | 75 kg | 75 kg |
Mk3 (1989-1995)
The Mk3 Fiesta was produced from 1989 onwards, this time the car looked alot
different and it was also the first time the Fiesta was available with three
doors.
The Mk3 Fiesta range was announced in February 1989, and appeared in April 1989.
The new range had more engines to choose from, the Valerncia engine was dropped
to be replaced with a new HCS (High Compression Swirl) engine, this engine was
designed to be more economical and was available in 1000cc and 1100cc. The base
model can with a 1000cc HCS engine and a 4-speed gearbox, the rest all had
5-speed gearboxes. The other engine were the CVH (Compound Valve-angle
Hemispherical combustion-chamber) range from the Mk2.
The Mk3 was a bigger car overall but there are a couple of things which are similer to the Mk2, the lights and indicators at the front and the lines on the bonnet, apart from that the car is very different. The Mk3 has alot smoother design, the windscreen has been slanted back to help aerodynamics, larger single piece bumpers. The fog light was moved into the rear light cluster, this ment loosing one of the revering lights though. The intera was completley redeisgned, a new seat and dashboard design with the extra space gave the car a feel inside, the Fiesta now had the option of being fitted with a front windscrean.
One of the bigest changes from the Mk2 was that the bonet now open backwards, this allowes easier access when doing engine maintance, but this design is more dangerus. In a Mk1 or Mk2 if you forget to close you bonnet properley and it's only on the cach, when you drive the air traverling over the bonnet trys to push it down. In a Mk3 the air will force the bonnet up, if it's not held down properley the bonnet could flip up over the windscrean.
The models. The Mk3 started with the Popular, Popular plus, L, LX, Ghia and 1.6S. In Sepember 1989 the XR2i was released, and in December 1989 the Ghia and LX models had a new engine option of the 1.4 CFI. In January 1990 the Fiesta saw a new type of power in the way of 1.6 RS Turbo. This was the start of the end for the CVH engine, although the desige was used to make the Zetec engine.
The SX model was relaesed in April of 1991 this model only had the 1100cc HCS engine, but in July of 1991 it was given a new 1300cc HCS engine insted. As new engines were developed the models changed engine. In September 1991 the LX was given the 1.3 CFI and in May 1992 the 1000cc HCS engine was descarded and the RS1800 was introduced.
The Mk3 range was given a overhall, all new cars featured frivers airbag as stardard and the passenger airbag as an option. The cars body shell was also changed this included reinforcments to the cars shell and the introduction of a new seat belt system, to take in the slack in the belt. The Mk3 was also given better suspension and better equipment inside, this included an option of power steering. The petrol models were now fitted with a catalytic converter and certificated to 1983 US emissions levels. The extera of the Mk3 was also changed, a flap over the petrol cap and stream lined mirrors, whcih had the option of being heated and being electrically controled. The square side repeaters were also changed to oval ones.
The XR2 now became the XR2i.
The Mk3 XR2i used the 1600 CVH EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) engine used in
the Mk3 Escort the only difference was that the Escort used MFI (Mechanical Fuel
Injection) although later on it did use EFI. The XR2i came with different
bumpers with fog and spot lights mounted in them, once again alloys were optinal.
The Fiesta gets a Turbo.
The Mk3 is the first Fiesta to come from the factory with a turbo, almost
identical to the XR2i in appearance, the only diffeance being the bonnet vents
and the three spoke wheels. The RS Turbo used the engine from the Escort but
there were changes made, a T02 Garret turbo which would spin faster and a
updated EEC IV engine management system. This ment the Fiesta has a EFI rather
than the MFI system usedon the escort.
The standard engine would produce 133bhp, which ment the car could do 0-60 in
7.7 seconds and reach 130mph. When the car was introduced in June 1900 Ford only
wanted to produce it for two years. The Turbo was a massive success but in 1992
it was taken off the market.
The RS1800.
After the RS Turbo had been taken of the market there was a gap in there model
range, so in May 1992 the RS1800 was introduced, it used the new 1800cc Zetec
16v engine that later went into the XR2i. The RS Turbo and the RS 1800 were
identical in apperance, the RS 1800 was given a new set of 14 inch 5 spoke alloy
wheels.
In October 1995 the Mk3 range was reducted to 3 special models to make was for the Mk4
special editions released between 1989 and 1994 were:
| Release Date | Name |
|---|---|
| July 1990 | Bonus |
| April 1991 | Flight |
| July 1991 | Bonus II |
| August 1991 | Fresco |
| October 1991 | Quartz II |
| November 1991 | Calypso |
| July 1992 | Bonus |
| Fresco | |
| Firefly | |
| Flight | |
| Freestyle | |
| October 1992 | Finesse |
| June 1993 | Summer (regional) |
| July 1993 | Diesel Special |
| October 1993 | Cayman |
special editions released between 1994 and 1996 were:
| Release Date | Name |
|---|---|
| April 1994 | Java |
| Azura | |
| June 1994 | Mistral |
| LX Mistral | |
| Sapphire | |
| LX Sapphire | |
| Equipe | |
| LX Equipe | |
| March 1995 | Azura |
| Quartz | |
| Sapphire | |
| Finesse | |
| October 1995 | Classic |
| Classic Quartz | |
| Classic Cabaret |
The Fiesta Mk6 is the biggest Fiesta to date, looking more like a Focus and less like the orignal Mk1.
| Engine technical | Max Power | Max Torque | |
| 1.4 Duratec 1388 cc | 4 cylinders in line; DOHC; 16 valves; alloy cylinder head and block; electronic multipoint fuel injection; electronic throttle | 59 kW (80 PS) at 5700 min (rpm) | 124 Nm at 3500 min (rpm) |
| 1.6 Duratec 1596 cc | 4 cylinders in line; DOHC; 16 valves; alloy cylinder head and block; electronic multipoint fuel injection; electronic throttle | 74 kW (100 PS) at 6000 min (rpm) | 146 Nm at 4000 min (rpm) |
| 2.0 Duratec 1999 cc | 4 cylinders in line; DOHC; 16 valves; alloy cylinder head and block; electronic multipoint fuel injection | 110 kW (150 PS) at 6000 min (rpm) |
190 Nm at 4500 min (rpm) |
| 1.4 Duratorq TDCi Diesel 1399 cc | 4 cylinders in line; SOHC; 8 valves; alloy cylinder head and block; direct injection with high-pressure, common-rail, multipoint fuel injection system; turbocharger; electronic throttle | 50 kW (68 PS) at 4000 min (rpm) | 160 Nm at 2000 min (rpm) |
| 1.6 Duratorq TDCi Diesel 1560 cc | 4 cylinders in line; DOHC; 16 valves; alloy cylinder head and block; direct injection with high-pressure, common-rail, multipoint fuel injection system; turbocharger with intercooler; electronic throttle | 66 kW (90 PS) at 4000 min (rpm) | 204 Nm at 1750 min (rpm) |